This guide provides examples based on the MLA citation style found in the Modern Language Association (MLA) Style Manual, 6th edition. (REF Closed PN147.G444 2003) MLA is used as a guide primarily for the Humanities and occasionally the Social Science. The "Works Cited" pages gives an alphabetical list of the sources used to write papers and reports. The first line of each citation is not indented, but all subsequent lines are indented five spaces. MLA style references are double spaced.
One Author
Carter, Wilmoth A. The New Negro of the South. New York: Exposition Press, 1967.
Two or Three Authors
Durham, Philip and Everett L. Jones. The Negro Cowboys. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1965.
More Than Three Authors
Billig, Michael, et al. Ideological Dilemmas. London: Sage Publications, 1988.
No Author Given
Basic Writings of Mo Tzu, Hsun Tzu, and Han Fei Tzu. Trans. Burton Watson. New York: Columbia UP, 1967.
Editor or Compiler
Knowles, Louis L. and Kenneth Prewitt, eds. Institutional Racism in America. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1969.
Society, Association, or Institution as Corporate Author
The Australian Society of Archivists. Keeping Archives. Port Melbourne, Victoria, Australia: D. W. Thorpe, 1993.
Author & Editor, Translator and/or Illustrator Given
Plato. Plato; Apology; Crito; Phaedo; Symposium; Republic. Trans. Benjamin Jowett. New York: Classics Club, 1942.
Component Parts of Books
Chafe, William Henry. “Biographical Sketch.” in Without Precedent: The Life and Career of Eleanor Roosevelt. Eds. J. Hoff-Wilson and M. Lightman. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1984. 3-27.
One Work in an Anthology/Title within a Title
Siegel, Larry J. “Criminal Courts.” Criminal Justice: Concepts and Issues: An Anthology. Modern Justice. Ed. Larry J. Siegel. Los Angles: Roxbury, 1999. 54-72.
Scholarly Journals with Continuous Pagination
Barrie, Douglas. “Typhoons.” Aviation Week & Space Technology 140 (1993): 128-130.
Scholarly Journals That Page Each Issue Separately
Cross, Theodore L. “On Scapegoating Blacks for Grade Inflation.” The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education 1.1 (1993): 47-56.
Monthly Magazine
Calvin, Delores. “Louis Jordan’s Horoscope Fits His Personality.” Color Feb. 1950:6.
Weekly Magazine
Lipper, Tamara. “First Lady: Waiting for the West Wing to Notice.” Newsweek 13 Oct. 2003: 6-8.
Weekly Magazine, No Author Given
“Ruby Tuesday Advances.” Business Week 7 Oct. 2003: 30-35.
Newspaper
Penserga, Ben. “UMES: School Celebrates Inauguration of Its President.” Daily Times 14 Sept. 2003, sec A.1.
Author Given
Grigg, Austin E. “Confiscation.” Encyclopedia Americana: International Edition. 1994 ed.
No Author Given
“Magnetic Recording.”
Encyclopaedia Britannica: Micropaedia. 15th
ed. 1991 ed.
Print and electronic publications should be included as well as access information (URL, date of access) for each Citation.
E-Journal Collections (Article in a scholarly journal)
Baker, Houston A., Jr. “Generational Shifts and the Recent Criticism of Afro-American Literature.” Black American Literature Forum. 15 (1981): 3-21. JSTOR. 14 Oct. 2003 <http://www.jstor.org/search>.
Newspaper (Article in a newspaper or on a newswire)
Gates, Deborah. "Summer Drought Looks Unlikely." The Daily Times. 5 April 2004. 6 April 2004. <http://www.delmarvanow.com/news/stories/20040405/localnews/171594.html>.
Magazine (Article in a newspaper or on a newswire)
Rosenbusch, Steve. “For Telecom, Wireless Signals Hope.” Business Week Online 14 Oct. 2003. 4 Oct. 2003. <http://www.businessweek.com/index.html>.
Online Databases (Library Subscription Service)
Thompson, Betty Taylor. “Common Bonds from Africa to the U. S.: Africana Womanist Literary Analysis.” Western Journal of Black Studies 25.3 (2001): 177-. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Frederick Douglass Lib., Princess Anne, MD. 25 October 2003. <http://search.epnet.dom/direct.asp?an=7253616&db=aph>.
Online Book
Tisdall, James. Beginning Perl for Bioinformatics. Sebastapol, CA: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. 2001. Safari Tech Books Online. Frederick Douglass Library, Princess Anne, MD. 5 April 2004 <http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/0596000804/copyright>.
Websites (Entire Internet Sites)
Vote-Smart. 2004. Project Vote Smart. 5 April 2004. <http://vote-smart.org/index.htm>.
Parenthetical reference are used in place of footnotes and endnotes whenever you use another person's work. The MLA format keys parenthetical citations to the "Works Cited: page at the end of your paper. Parenthetical citations direct the reader to a specific page in a book, magazine, journal, or other source. They increase the validity of your work, by informing your reader of the sources you have drawn upon whether you are paraphrasing or including a direct quote. Always be as specific as possible when identifying the location of a parenthetical source. Listed below are examples of parenthetical citations.
Author’s Name in Text
While on the other hand, the tame assertion of Dr. Rice and his Assembly, that “there are evils connected with slavery,” never yet converted a slave holder … (150).
Author’s Name in a Reference
They pledged their “unwavering devotion” to the nominees of the Republican Party in the forthcoming Presidential election (Rossa 77).
Citing Volume & Page Numbers of a Multi-Volume Work
Teresa Kreuse states clearly that it is critical for African-American students to be proficient with computers when they enter the work-place 1(1993): 88-95.
Citing Part of an Article or Book
In September, Douglass prepared to leave Washington for Port-au-Prince (10, 131-139).
Citing a Work Listed by Title
The Negro Traveler Research survey finds that economic impact of any Negro convention on any city of individual localities leads to six economic overall conclusions (“Economic Impact of the Negro Traveler” 1975).
Citing a Work by a Corporate Author
The Society of American Archivists is the leading clearinghouse for archival resources in print—a virtual one-stop shop and premier convenience store for the profession (16).
Remember parenthetical references take the place of footnotes and/or endnotes. Therefore, all authors cited in the text of your paper must appear in your reference list.
If you have any further questions, please consult a Reference Librarian.
(410)651-7937 or refuser@umes.edu
Reference Department April 2004